The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. He also established the Azad Hind Government with its headquarters at Rangoon. Subhash Chandra Bose escaped from India in 1941, and formed the Azad Hind Fauz (Indian National Army) in 1943. The Communist Party of India kept itself out of the Quit India Movement. Violent clashes took place between the people and the police. Congress leaders were arrested and the party was banned. On 9 August 1942, Congress called upon the British to relinquish power and to quit India. The League also demanded equal share with the Hindus in the proposed national government. In 1940, the Muslim League declared formation of Pakistan as its ultimate goal. The Muslims resigned from the Congress ministries in the provinces. The ‘nationalist’ Muslims supported Congress, but they were too few to become an effective voice. Communalism was, in fact, a more serious problem. Thus, Congress simultaneously faced ultra-leftism and communalism. The terrorism of the 1920s was transformed by revolutionary leftism in the 1930s. The All-India Kisan Sabha was founded in 1936. The All-India Trade Union Congress was founded in 1920. A socialist group emerged in the Congress under the leadership of Nehru, Jai Prakash Narain and Acharya Narendra Deva.
Nehru accepted Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership, but Bose believed in an armed struggle against the British. Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose were eminent leftist leaders within the Congress. They supported a strong Civil Disobedience Movement. The leftist forces within the Congress pleaded for a radical policy and militant action. Leftism grew both within the Congress and outside it. The nationalist fervour hardened in the thirties. The Governor still enjoyed the power to control key sectors of administration. However, the communal basis of voting was retained. The Governor was assisted by a legislature. Under this Act, provinces were granted autonomy. The Act of 1935 was a culmination of the developments listed above. The Muslim League observed a ‘Day of Deliverance’, as a mark of relief after the resignation of the Congress ministries in the provinces. The Congress Working Committee called upon all the ministers to resign from their posts.
When the Second World War broke out in 1939, and England declared war against Nazi Germany without consulting either the Central Legislature or the provincial governments, the Viceroy declared India to be a belligerent country on the side of the British.
The majority of Muslims accepted this view and Jinnah became the undisputed leader of the League. Jinnah and consequently he started to denounce the policies and activities of Congress ministries and openly declared that “the Muslims can expect neither justice nor fair play under Congress government”. The phenomenal success of the Congress alarmed M.A. The result of the elections widened the rift between the Congress and the Muslim League. Only Bengal and Punjab had non-Congress ministries. It also formed coalition ministries in Sind and Assam. Congress ministries were formed in July 1937 in several provinces, including the United Provinces, Madras, the Central Provinces, Bombay, Bihar, Orissa, and after sometime in the North-West Frontier Provinces (NWFP).